Oruç later went to Antalya, where he was given 18 galleys by Şehzade Korkut, an Ottoman prince and governor of the city, and charged with fighting against the Knights of St John, who were inflicting serious damage on Ottoman shipping and trade. Upon learning the location of his brother, Khizr went to Bodrum and managed to help Oruç escape. Their father's boat was captured, and Oruç was taken as a prisoner and detained in Bodrum Castle at Bodrum for nearly three years. Ilyas was killed in the fight, and Oruç was wounded. While returning from a trading expedition in Tripoli, Lebanon, with his younger brother, Ilyas, they were attacked by the Knights of St John. He also learned to speak Italian, Spanish, French, Greek, and Arabic early in his career. Death of Ilyas, captivity, and liberation of Oruç Ishak, the eldest, remained on Mytilene and was involved with the financial affairs of the family business. Khizr operated in the Aegean Sea and based his operations mostly in Thessaloniki. Oruç and Ilyas operated in the Levant, between Anatolia, Syria, and Egypt. The brothers initially worked as sailors, but then turned privateers in the Mediterranean to counteract the privateering of the Knights Hospitaller (Knights of St John) who were based on the island of Rhodes ( until 1522). Later, obtaining his own ship, Khizr also began his career at sea. The first brother to become involved in seamanship was Oruç, who was joined by his brother Ilyas. 1540)Īll four brothers became seamen, engaged in marine affairs and international sea trade. Early career Īdmiral of the fleet Hayreddin Barbarossa, engraving by Agostino Veneziano (c. At first Oruç helped with the boat, while Khizr helped with the pottery. The four sons helped their father with his business, but not much is known about the daughters. He became an established potter and purchased a boat to trade his products with. Yakup took part in the Ottoman conquest of Lesbos in 1462 from the Genoese Gattilusio dynasty (who held the hereditary title of Lord of Lesbos between 13) and as a reward, was granted the fief of the village of Bonova on the island. The couple married and had two daughters and four sons: Ishak, Oruç, Khizr and Ilyas. His mother was a widow of a Greek Orthodox priest. Khizr was born sometime between 14 in Palaiokipos on the island of Midilli (Lesbos), a son of an Ottoman sipahi father, Yakup Ağa, of Turkish, Albanian or Greek origin from Giannitsa (now Greece), and an Orthodox Christian mother of Greek origin, Katerina, from Mytilene (also Lesbos). Barbarossa retired to Constantinople in 1545 and died the following year. He led an embassy to France in the same year, conquered Tunis in 1534, achieved a decisive victory over the Holy League at Preveza in 1538, and conducted joint campaigns with the French in the 1540s. In 1533, Barbarossa was appointed Kapudan Pasha (Grand admiral) of the Ottoman Navy by Suleiman the Magnificent. In 1529, Barbarossa took the Peñón of Algiers from the Spaniards. He also received the honorary name Hayreddin (from Arabic Khayr ad-Din, "goodness of the faith" or "best of the faith"). Following Oruç's death in 1518, Khizr inherited his brother's nickname, "Barbarossa" ("Redbeard" in Italian). In 1516, the brothers captured Algiers from Spain, with Oruç declaring himself Sultan. Barbarossa's naval victories secured Ottoman dominance over the Mediterranean during the mid-16th century.īorn on Lesbos, Khizr began his naval career as a corsair under his elder brother Oruç Reis. 1466/1483 – 4 July 1546), was an Ottoman corsair and later admiral of the Ottoman Navy. Hayreddin Barbarossa ( Arabic: خير الدين بربروس, romanized: Khayr al-Din Barbarus, original name: Khiḍr Turkish: Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa), also known as Hayreddin Pasha, Hızır Hayrettin Pasha, and simply Hızır Reis (c.
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